FRANCE
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Moment gaullien ou fuite en avant : la France assume son statut de puissance nucléaire pivot en Europe.
On March 2, 2026, Emmanuel Macron delivered a historic speech on nuclear deterrence from the Île-Longue operational base, announcing a new concept of advanced deterrence opening the way for cooperation with eight European countries. This doctrinal shift comes in a context of persistent Russian threat and growing doubts about the reliability of the American nuclear umbrella.
