Shadow Diplomacy: China and Pakistan Pursue Peace While Bombs Fall on Iran

China

2 SOURCES

The mediators · 3 of 7 countries

Beijing as opportunistic mediator: let the US become bogged down and reap the geopolitical gains

India

2 SOURCES

Strategic non-aligned · 2 of 7 countries

India observes American military power with fascination but hides its own dependence on Iranian oil

Indonesia

STATE MEDIA

1 SOURCE

Single source

Strategic non-aligned · 2 of 7 countries

Indonesia wants to be the moral voice of the Global South, between grieving its peacekeepers and active non-alignment

Iran

1 SOURCE

Single source

Iran International frames the diplomatic impasse as a deliberate Iranian choice, not American failure

Israel

1 SOURCE

Single source

The discrete hawks · 3 of 7 countries

Israel and Gulf states want war continuation, not mediation

Pakistan

2 SOURCES

The mediators · 3 of 7 countries

Pakistan positions itself as mediator to avoid choosing between Beijing and Washington

Qatar

STATE MEDIA

1 SOURCE

Single source

The mediators · 3 of 7 countries

Qatar prepares its seat at the mediation table via Al Jazeera, while the Gulf takes missiles