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THE REFRACT 2026RSSEVERY STORY HAS MANY SIDES

Dominant angle identified — does not reflect unanimity of this country’s media

These outlets are run by nationals of the country but operate from abroad. They do not represent the country's domestic media coverage and are excluded from the divergence score.

EXILE VOICES — IRAN

IRAN

Exile media

4 sources

From exile, independent Iranian press documents a fresh military escalation between Washington and Tehran, its effects on oil shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, and internal fractures within the regime over the contested agreement with the United States.

Third wave of US strikes on Iran as Gulf states are hit

BY COUNTRYSIDE BY SIDE BLIND SPOTS

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Brazil

2 SOURCES

Factual Coverage Focused on Economic Impact · 2 of 8 countries

Brasília is already weighing the economic bill of an escalation in the Gulf that it can neither stop nor ignore, between a surge in oil prices and a threat to agricultural fertilizers.

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China

incl. 1 state outlet

2 SOURCES

Call for Restraint and Critical Reading of Washington · 2 of 8 countries

Beijing is urging Washington and Tehran to preserve the ceasefire rather than letting the Gulf slide into all-out war.

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United Arab Emirates

incl. 1 state outlet

3 SOURCES

Gulf Monarchies Targeted · 2 of 8 countries

Abu Dhabi condemns Iranian strikes on its Gulf neighbors while managing its own security alert, balancing regional solidarity with calculated caution.

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United States

5 SOURCES

US-Israeli Military Coordination · 2 of 8 countries

The United States government sees a calculated escalation: the White House frames this third wave of strikes against Iran as a proportionate response to the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, while maintaining diplomatic pressure on Tehran.

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France

incl. 1 state outlet

4 SOURCES

Factual Coverage Focused on Economic Impact · 2 of 8 countries

Paris is gauging the risk of escalation in the Strait of Hormuz, where the closure announced by Tehran threatens a vital route for global energy supply and undermines the last remaining channels of mediation.

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Israel

3 SOURCES

US-Israeli Military Coordination · 2 of 8 countries

Israel is assessing the risks of an escalating conflict, coordinating military scenarios with Washington in anticipation of a potential Iranian backlash targeting several Gulf capitals.

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Qatar

incl. 1 state outlet

2 SOURCES

Gulf Monarchies Targeted · 2 of 8 countries

Doha condemns a "dangerous escalation" after Iranian strikes left three injured on its soil and fears the choking of the Strait of Hormuz.

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Russia

incl. 2 state outlets

6 SOURCES

Call for Restraint and Critical Reading of Washington · 2 of 8 countries

Moscow denounces a planned escalation by Washington and relays the Iranian thesis of legitimate defense, while emphasizing the collapse of the June agreement on the Strait of Hormuz.

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THIRD WAVE OF US STRIKES ON IRAN AS GULF STATES ARE HIT

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Third wave of US strikes on Iran as Gulf states are hit | The Refract

published on

July 13, 2026

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34/100

gap

This number is the probability that two countries picked at random frame the event differently. Each country is assigned ONE frame among four possible readings of the story, and the score measures how spread out those choices are. A low score means the countries read the event the same way — not that they agree on the facts or the figures.